Abstract
The chronic stomatitis in cats shows inflammation of the oral mucosal tissue, showing severe ulcers and redness of the oral mucosa, which most often affects the caudal side of the mouth, and can usually deteriorate with time and develop into refractory stomatitis. At present, the main treatment method is tooth extraction, which is combined with drugs to manage inflammation and analgesia. In this case, laser treatment combined with traditional treatment mode can effectively reduce pain sensation and increase the success rate of treatment.
Key words: laser treatment, feline stomatitis
1.Case presentation:
NAME: Cream
SPECIES: Feline
GENDER: Male
AGE: 3
WEIGHT: 2.6kg
A 3-year-old male cat has been sterilized. About 7 months ago, he had a full tooth extraction in an other hospital due to stomatitis. Now, he seeks medical treatment due to a large number of salivation and eating difficulties, and now he has a normal mental appetite, and has been confirmed positive for callet virus.
2. Examination
Mental mental, BCS: 3 / 9, severe redness and swelling, obvious inflammatory hyperplasia and a lot of saliva, tense blood infiltration, bilateral mandibular lymph node swelling.
Routine blood results showed many increased inflammatory cell index, indicating the existence of inflammatory response, red blood cell index indicates the presence of anemia, the increase of biochemical results globulin also indicates the inflammatory response, and the high probability comes from oral inflammation.
Imaging examination that the root remains, suggesting that the potential cause of recurrent stomatitis may be that the whole mouth extraction is not complete.
3.Diagnosis
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis，FCGS
4.Treatment
4.1 In the early stage, analgesic and antibiotic treatment were selected, and physiotherapy laser was used for 3 times without obvious improvement. Inflammatory hyperplasia affected the life of the affected cat. After discussion, it was decided to remove the residual root and conduct laser therapy treatment.
4.2 Lunvet 4 veterinary laser with 3.6W average power, each side of the cheek for 2 minutes and 18 seconds, 25mm open probe was selected. Due to obvious pain and swelling in the early treatment, non-contact irradiation after ice application, and contact irradiation was selected after pain relief.
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*Comparison before and after laser therapy
5. Summary
The treatment used in this case was laser physiotherapy after surgical removal of the root.The laser stimulates an increase in the level of the cytokine superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interacts with other anti-inflammatory processes to accelerate the termination of the inflammatory process. The interplay between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after laser treatment balances free radical activity and allows reactive oxygen species (ROS) to exert their beneficial effects.The anti-inflammatory effect of laser therapy is very powerful. And laser therapy has been used in the world for more than 20 years, and there are almost no reports of side effects. As a result, more and more veterinarians are using lasers to treat animals with inflammation.
6. Discussion
Chronic stomatitis in cats is a serious, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa in cats. The typical site of an ulcerated or proliferative inflammatory lesion is the lateral aspect of the palatine tongue, formerly known as the larynx. Hyperplasia of the disease can develop so severely that it prevents tongue contraction of the [1]. The inflammation caused by tail stomatitis is usually bilaterally symmetrical, and the inflammatory tissue is fragile, bright red, prone to bleeding, and irregular appearance like pebbles. Although FCGS is common in the veterinary industry with a reported prevalence of 0.7-12.0%, there are still many doubts about its etiology and subsequent treatment [1,2]. The etiology of FCGS may be multifactorial, including infectious pathogens such as feline cup virus (FCV), feline herpes virus (FHV-1), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and gram-negative bacteria produced by normal oral flora, or multocida [3,4], and non-infectious factors such as dental diseases. In addition, environmental stress was also associated with this multifactorial disease.
Mainstream treatment options can be broadly divided into surgery and drug management. However, drug management alone usually does not achieve satisfactory long-term results and requires coordination with surgical tooth extraction. Many studies have reported local extraction (all premolars and molars) or total mouth extraction with the best long-term effect, with about 70-80% of FCGS cats having significant improvement or cure and about 20-30% having minimal or no improvement in [5-7].
Since FCGS is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, the basic drug therapy is immunosuppression or immune modulation, such as corticosteroids, cat recombinant interferon rFeIFN- ω, cyclosporin, and mesenchymal stem cell [1].
Laser therapy has been confirmed in human oral diseases, which can promote endorphin and enkephalin release and inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1, which can relieve pain, reduce healing time, and improve the severity and duration of inflammation [8-11]. Nowadays, the laser treatment of [12,13] is increasingly reported. Although it is difficult to compare cat and human oral mucositis because the two causes are likely different, studies suggest that laser treatment is effective in relieving similar symptoms in both conditions, namely inflammation, oral mucosal lesions, pain, and eating difficulties.
References
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